For decades functional cardiovascular testing focused on peripheral arterial obstructive disease (PAOD or PAD) based on its high prevalence, its association with atherosclerosis, cardiovascular events and functional impairment. In a scientific statement adopted by the AHA in 2012 [14], a board of scientists and clinicians from the USA and Europe postulated broad screening of Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI). As important as it seemed at that time, this concept of a resistive model of the arterial tree, predominantly occurring in the lower extremities, neglected evaluation of the elastic properties of the large central arteries. With the advent of more advanced testing modalities, the knowledge and understanding of Distensibility of the central vasculature and its impact on pulse wave propagation grew, finding a receptive audience, both in research and clinical application. An exponential increase in scientific publications during the past 20 years led to a body of evidence highlighting the paramount importance of Central Aortic Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness [15]. Today we can rely on a battery of rather simple and convenient tests that comprise Arterial Stiffness, Pulse Wave Analysis for the determination of central pressures and other important parameters, as well as Endothelial Function testing.
Read more about modern operator-independent testing options, their benefits, and implementation into a clinical or research environments. Testing is not limited to adults but can be applied to all ages, also children and infants, refer to Pediatric Testing.
One of the most advanced and internationally reputed testing instruments based on Gold Standard Testing modalities is Vicorder®, offering all of the above-mentioned tests from ABI to EndoCheck.
